Editing Cat (section)

== Evolution ==
Main article: Cat evolution

The domestic cat is a member of the Felidae, a family that had a common ancestor about 10 to 15 million years ago. The evolutionary radiation of the Felidae began in Asia during the Miocene around 8.38 to 14.45 million years ago. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA of all Felidae species indicates a radiation at 6.46 to 16.76 million years ago. The genus ''Felis'' genetically diverged from other Felidae around 6 to 7 million years ago. Results of phylogenetic research shows that the wild members of this genus evolved through sympatric or parapatric speciation, whereas the domestic cat evolved through artificial selection. The domestic cat and its closest wild ancestor are diploid and both possess 38 chromosomes and roughly 20,000 genes.

Phylogenetic relationships of the domestic cat as derived through analysis of
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|Felidae 
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| rowspan="2" |Pantherinae
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|Felinae 
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| rowspan="2" |other Felinae lineages
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| rowspan="2" |Jungle cat (''F. chaus'') 
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| rowspan="2" |Black-footed cat (''F. nigripes'')
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| rowspan="2" |Sand cat (''F. margarita'')
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| rowspan="2" |Chinese mountain cat (''F. bieti'')
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| rowspan="2" |African wildcat (''F. lybica'')
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| rowspan="2" |European wildcat (''F. silvestris'') 
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| rowspan="2" |'''Domestic cat''' 
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!mitochondrial DNA:
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|''Felis'' 
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| rowspan="2" |Sand cat (''F. margarita'')
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| rowspan="2" |Chinese mountain cat (''F. bieti'')
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| rowspan="2" |European wildcat (''F. silvestris'') 
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|African wildcat 
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| rowspan="2" |Southern African wildcat ''(F. l. cafra)''
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| rowspan="2" |Asiatic wildcat ''(F. l. ornata)''
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| rowspan="2" |Near Eastern wildcat
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| rowspan="2" |'''Domestic cat''' 
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=== [[Domestication of the cat|Domestication]] ===
See also: Domestication of the cat and Cats in ancient Egypt

It was long thought that the domestication of the cat began in ancient Egypt, where cats were venerated from around 3100 BC. However, the earliest known indication for the taming of an African wildcat was excavated close by a human Neolithic grave in Shillourokambos, southern Cyprus, dating to about 7500–7200 BC. Since there is no evidence of native mammalian fauna on Cyprus, the inhabitants of this Neolithic village most likely brought the cat and other wild mammals to the island from the Middle Eastern mainland. Scientists therefore assume that African wildcats were attracted to early human settlements in the Fertile Crescent by rodents, in particular the house mouse (''Mus musculus''), and were tamed by Neolithic farmers. This mutual relationship between early farmers and tamed cats lasted thousands of years. As agricultural practices spread, so did tame and domesticated cats. Wildcats of Egypt contributed to the maternal gene pool of the domestic cat at a later time.

The earliest known evidence for the occurrence of the domestic cat in Greece dates to around 1200 BC. Greek, Phoenician, Carthaginian and Etruscan traders introduced domestic cats to southern Europe. By the 5th century BC, they were familiar animals around settlements in Magna Graecia and Etruria. During the Roman Empire, they were introduced to Corsica and Sardinia before the beginning of the 1st century AD. By the end of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the Egyptian domestic cat lineage had arrived in a Baltic Sea port in northern Germany.

The leopard cat (''Prionailurus bengalensis'') was tamed independently in China around 5500 BC. This line of partially domesticated cats leaves no trace in the domestic cat populations of today.

During [[Domestication of the cat|domestication]], cats have undergone only minor changes in anatomy and behavior, and they are still capable of surviving in the wild. Several natural behaviors and characteristics of wildcats may have pre-adapted them for domestication as pets. These traits include their small size, social nature, obvious body language, love of play, and high intelligence. Since they practice rigorous grooming habits and have an instinctual drive to bury and hide their urine and feces, they are generally much less messy than other domesticated animals. Captive ''Leopardus'' cats may also display affectionate behavior toward humans but were not domesticated. House cats often mate with feral cats. Hybridization between domestic and other Felinae species is also possible, producing hybrids such as the Kellas cat in Scotland.

Development of cat [[List of cat breeds|breeds]] started in the mid 19th century. An analysis of the domestic cat genome revealed that the ancestral wildcat genome was significantly altered in the process of domestication, as specific mutations were selected to develop [[List of cat breeds|cat breeds]]. Most breeds are founded on random-bred domestic cats. Genetic diversity of these breeds varies between regions, and is lowest in purebred populations, which show more than 20 deleterious genetic disorders.